The Ages of Humanity and Our Future

The Ages of  Humanity and Our Future

It seems to me that there have been psychological ages of humankind, which roughly parallel the stages of growth/development of a single, female, human.  The first was before the Big Bang (Oneness, or being in the womb).  Then came the Second Age, during which all was either yang (Asian light/active/masculine) or yin (Asian feminine, dark and passive), as the balanced creatures and forces messed around and grew—evolving. 

Then, with more humans on the planet, came the Third Age, which lasted til say the year 2000, hand in hand with belief in the Trinity (male God, Jesus, & Holy Spirit) and the three pagan goddesses–Maiden, Mother, Crone–of woman’s life cycle.  It appears that the Catholic faith and English and Spanish languages turned out to be psychological leaders, perhaps for the reason that they blossomed in popularity around the colonized world, connecting it. Today the two languages, the second and third-most spoken around the planet, are similar and utilize an almost identical alphabet (I’m talking about English and Spanish).

Others found faith in multiple male and female deities, such as the Ancient Greeks and today’s Nigerian Yoruba–or just one god, or one goddess, for only a few examples.  Naturally, birth control was frowned upon amongst the Catholics of this Age, as folks around the world intuitively knew that their “mission in life” was to procreate, or at least that there weren’t too many people, like there are today. Or, perhaps, to make enough humans to start saving Earth from ourselves, and to progress through the fourth to the final (Fifth) Age, with a balance like the Second Age, which will last forevermore, it seems. 

The next—Fourth—Age is where we are today—kind of like menopause (I call it metapause—“meta” being slang meaning referring to itself).  We are slowing down our baby creation-focus as a planet and are beginning to turn outward to see what else is going on in our planetary home.  We want to get through this uncomfortable time and (with all the people now on the planet) discover how to be connected to each other rather than living our lives separately but coincidentally in the same environment.  We want to go into the next stage (I call it the Fifth, or Quintessence—“That of which all is made”) to take the world out for a dance, together!  If we keep spoiling the planet, all humanity will be lost—for our individual selves, families, and our friends down the way (around the whole place); let’s not commit suicide here, even if we are feeling troubled!

I’ve figured out how to do it and how it will work, and it looks really, really very good, as comedian Jerry Seinfeld said in one episode of his series.  However, I have a thought that if the world were alive, as some believe, it would want us to halt rapine (seizing property or body) and starvation—these are insults to our naturally bountiful and safe planet. 

What I’ve come up with is that we need to move to the Fifth Age because it will take us to another second stage-type situation and leave us there forever, in the sense that it will be another balanced yin/yang-run time.  We will come out of our Fourth Age, self-referential cocoons and, post-metapausally, fly around like butterflies! 

I suggest that as people age, our experience of our bodies changes—and our concept of our body’s symbolism changes, too.  We start off experiencing ourselves as being two-sided, think 2+2=4, 2×2=4—the Fourth stage of experience, in which we concentrate on thinking only of what we can do with our hands (2) and eyes (2).  These body parts dominate our awareness until we proceed.  Then we enter a new state: we grow to perceive the products of our fingers and toes and thus draw 5 into the picture.  Two (sides) x 5=10.  

Computer language is all 1s and 0s.  We learn to type, play instruments or sew (for example) and walk, using fingers and toes, respectively.  Focusing on the desire to grow into Quintessence, we can plan peaceful events—artworks (and musical accomplishments)—with others.  Utilizing both sides of our body—i. e., exercising our faces, dancing, drumming with our hands, doing gentle martial arts such as the Brazilian capoeira—will bring us into a better—more mature—balance than that of four.  This is the balance of 5, which takes us together into ten, then 0s and 1s—back to a two-beat rhythm, like our two sides (10 divided by 5=2).  Thus we invoke yin’s and yang’s balanced interaction, like the first Second Age, an improvement on the Third Age and the Fourth Age, which were natural developments, given who humans evolved to be, but lacked the staying power, strength, and grace we humans are worth.  

Post-metapause—Quintessence—the Fifth Age—is all about connecting with ourselves through others, learning how to be whole by sharing the planet benignly—playing together.  This must be learned and practiced!  We have a lot of play to do: my psychological journey—growing a self as if from a seed, doing stages of growth I should have accomplished as a kid in the last 30 years of my life—would not have happened without the ability to play.  My therapist and I utilize our co-created space to do the psychological work, but it happens through our sharing our energies applied to issues of our relationship, in the spaces of the world that we encounter.  It is creative and feels profoundly nourishing, as the pieces come together and my mind, heart and soul feel attended to.  Play-working enables me to sort myself out, growing, and growing up.  I hypothesize that our world is the same, and will not develop without our full panoply of emotion—including playing (we’ve been through the grief already, and now it’s time for the good stuff, what we’ve been waiting for! Furthermore, I’ve been insane for us, so we don’t have to go down that road again.).

Using hands and fingers for friendly and cooperative acts must be accomplished if we want to get out of this Fourth Age, it seems to me.  Traveling on foot sounds like a good way to awaken our spirituality, to be able to get to someone to shake hands with.  We can enjoy the sensation of helping each other, like holding hands, if we want a future for our human race.  How to reset at peace?  We  must express and enjoy our natural body symbolism, instead of being stuck in a pathologically abstract psychological system.  Imagine how computers and/or artificial intelligence could be involved—go ahead, this is a project for you!  I think they’re helpful, but I don’t have all the answers– I hope you will start asking questions now, and be able to listen and play with others—play “together,” whatever that game or tune will be—and strive for our new stage.  Get ready to feel, because I bet you will become like an adolescent, discovering real life—planetary world citizen experience will be new and exciting for us all! Let’s be brave and embrace our future, instead of hiding from it in our cocoons!

The Fourth Age is the phase to which we’ve developed because we’ve grown as a world, having created lots of humans with lots of problems.  Why?  Because we haven’t been globally connected in certain key ways.  This age of growing up is natural, but we need to work and play in order to develop psychologically and get even healthier physically.  Creative, peaceful interaction of humans on our planet has not yet become the norm.  This metapausal age finds us stopping the widespread generation of life (as, on another level, in the U. S., for example, kids are simply too expensive to have, anyway!) and getting caught up in metaphors.  

The year 2020 finds us in bad shape.  There is less physical life around, and there are more built structures, in this young century and new millennium.  As humans are dying from the Corona virus, we seem to be dwelling in a metaphorically as well as literally sick age, so I call the Fourth Age the metaphorical (or Metafourical).  The landscape is not the only aspect that’s getting grossly overdeveloped.  Unhealthy capitalism—money grows instead of love; our metaphorical American healthcare—as if free healthcare is not jusitfied, going hand in hand with our sick relationship to nutrition—as if knowledge about good food, and its availability, should not be birthrights—proceeds with metaphorically ill American interaction —racism, white “supremacy” and sexism.  Yikes!  If we utilize our body symbolism, however, we can make the progressive change we need to move forward. 

That means cooperation with all nations/tribes for art-making and music-playing, utilizing our bodies’ parts and wholes.  That may also mean, for all Americans, taking a medicine placebo for our sickly country, which has now suffered much PTSD from “Lump’s” (Trump’s) presidency and our dearth of feminine leadership–yes, a sugar pill, so we can become sweeter and catch up with some of the rest of the world; we need to feel like we are doing something to get better! 

According to my preliminary research, conception may be self-controlled (see my essay, “Conception,” in the Feminist section of my website, in which I explain the role of vaginal acid balance in fertility and discuss the use of progesterone shots for birth control).  This new natural skill of self-controlled conception, which could be perfected, would help us live with more control of ourselves for the future—so every child is a wanted child. Yet it is important to mention that abortion is a necessity in pregnancies in the USA these days, because couples often lack resources for raising children on their own in the current system of economic disaster.

Additionally, because of our flag, America has a special responsibility to the world.  Number One, our flag is up there on the Moon.  Number Two, it is full of space symbolism and metaphor.  (It has seven red stripes, signifying bloodshed in war—also, the length of a woman’s period—and thirteen stripes in total— the amount of moon months, and feminine periods, in a year.  It has five-pointed stars which in Ancient Egyptian culture stood for the brightest star, Sirius, which enters the visible sky every year at the exact same time.  Sirius is a binary star, and the orbit of Sirius B is 50 years, like our fifty states.)  Thirdly, many Americans don’t want our flag to be utilized for evil acts, anymore, such as terrorism against our own Capitol, or against small nations because businessmen want to steal their resources from them—let alone the crimes committed against our own people!  It’s time for a new flag: a world flag!

The first woman will land on the moon in 2024, if the Artemis mission goes as planned—hopefully bearing an Earth flag with her, and reading aloud my “Poem to New Glory” (see “Patriotic” section of this site).  A world flag, to be maintained on Earth and the Moon, would offer the USA a chance to formally lead the world in acting less rudely on the planetary stage, and more justly, getting back to our roots and decent values.  We could focus on the pursuit of collective happiness, not just individual growth, acting sustainably for the good of all.  As Albert Einstein said: 

“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.”  

Also,

“‘We can be ethical only in relation to something we can see, feel, understand, love, or otherwise have faith in…’”  (Aldo Leopold)

Earth Day Poems

A Stick Has Been Inducted into The Museum of Toys!

A boy flung out his arm

I could see his aggression disappear 

Chemical

It melted away as his arm returned to his side

He just needed to move.

So fluid in youth

Raised on hagumber, juice, and homemade bread

Politeness 

Persecution by The System back when nobody saw The Man

Except my parents and a few 

Hippies.

I blame it on him 

not Him but 

Reagan—

What can I do with a shrunken hippocampus?

Reagan’s trickle down pee didn’t make this plant grow.

“Bipolar disorder”

“Lithium”

“Wellbutrin”

“Zyprexa”

“Tegretol”

“Trileptal”

“Olanzapine”

“Oxcarbazapine”

“Zinc deficiency”

“Pyroluria”

Meat—acetyl-l-carnitine—needed.

Fish, walnuts—Omega 3—needed.

Reagan—“Let them eat cake.”

Light and dark balance needed to regulate my organ systems.

Exercise and sex required.

Peace vital to mental health. 

Mental health vital to peace of the world community.

Why am I important?  

How can I make a difference?

Why shouldn’t you get to make a difference (peace) too?

How did Reagan hurt your mind?

Peace doesn’t come from quietude, 

from standing like a tree;

Creation is its action mood

so let the spirit free!

Give peace a chance, that’s all I’m saying.  Me and my damaged brain.  John Lennon’s memory.  The boy and girl who must walk each day, looking for God’s grace in the form of money—

pennies  nickels  dimes  quarters  singles  fives  tens  twenties

a broken gold bracelet worth $120

laying on the ground

the cement

A feather 

A flower

A faith

A peace—

  today?

God Bless the World Today!

(Inspired by Lee Greenwood’s song “God Bless the USA”)

I have to say America’s 

The best I’ve ever had.

I’ve lived here all my life, 

Not much travel (it’s my bad).

If I could start again, I’d visit

Other places, too.

But I love my Earthly life—

It’s sustained me through and through.

Stars on every U. S. flag, 

Thirteen moon-months stripe

If any space is tainted, 

Use that banner “clean” to wipe!

That’s the way we’ve ruled the Planet.

There could be a change:

Global aspirations from all over—

Is that strange?

I’m proud to be from the U. S.,

Tall mountains majesty,

And know that I don’t want a gun,

Peace is no travesty!

And I’d like to stand along with you 

And shake your hand, I’d say,

That I love my fellow Earthly folk,

God bless the world today!!

From the lakes of ancient Persia

To the hills of Vietnam

Let us not fail to celebrate,

Not drop another bomb.

War finally done, some great ones died.

None need face fear now, right?!

The U. N. must do its work,

All nations giving light!

All share a home, it’s Planet Earth,

From sea to shining sea.

Why don’t we now collaborate

On laughs for you and me?

I’d like to high-five you and hug

My neighbor from afar,

Let’s cooperate together

To save Earth, the Sun’s all star!

All Help the U. S. A!

Inspired by Lee Greenwood’s song “God Bless the U. S. A.”

I love this land I stand on

Maybe more than some could grasp.

I’m in red, white, blue tie-dye–

An equals sign my clasp!

From Denver to Seattle,

Going south to Georgia too,

Where Old Glory’s overhead, 

The great bald eagles flew,

To Lady Liberty who towers,

Welcoming with hand of light,

Our country in its guises is

Not always in the right.

But I’m proud to be an American, 

Where my family came to live.

Like others from those distant lands

Who now are here to give,

I want to stand up

Next to you,

So we can both salute

Our brave past; now, our future

Needs our people not to shoot!

From Chicago down to Texas

Innocents murdered in cold

Bloody NRA gets richer

That Amendment Two—so old!

From the swamps of Leeziana

To the sands of Arizone

The people upset, crying,

Health care stealing all they own.

Yet I’m proud to be an American,

Sharing all the problems here.

Trying to get help we need,

Not have sad eyes that tear.

And I want to sit down next to you,

Take your hand and say,

That we must play together 

If we love the USA!

From first responders’ hurt lungs

To broken bones of the police,

Soldiers’ missing limbs 

PTSD—on the increase!

From teachers and bus drivers,

Truck unloaders, work all day,

To security guards, phone callers

Working hard all night, I say,

That I love my fellow Americans

Who made the U. S. Number One!

They contributed their best

As our great citizens’ve done.

And I’ll gladly stand up next to them,

To save their bodies’ health

‘Cause they have strong American hearts—

We’ve got to learn true wealth!

I’m glad to be an American,

But do we keep it for ourself?

Most of us came from afar,

Do we put others on a shelf?

Why don’t we stand up, write

A new agenda for our land

I think it’s time our country 

Will become a smart new brand!

Yeah, I’m proud to be an American,

My humble nest is here.

I sometimes order pizza,

On the weekends, drink some beer.

I would like to stand up next to you

In all our grief and pain.

How can we use our freedom

To bring peace? wonders this brain.

USA Dot Two 

Is a newer version of

America, for winners,

Built by those of us who love

Our country and are ready 

To try something that’s more green,

Flex our muscles, stretch our bones,

Take a leap over the mean.

There ain’t no doubt I love this land—

I’ll help the USA!

I disliked actor Ronald Reagan

All the things that he would quote

And the trickle-down idea’s

Not exactly all she wrote.

My anger at rich people’s greed

Puts my love to the test—

I do care for my neighbor.

Let’s put selfishness to rest!

Yes, I’m proud to be an American,

With friendly border lands.

No need for trade in weapons—

We want new games for our hands!

And I have to stand up

Next to those

Who’ll choose our leader new

By votes we’ll use our freedom,

Finding one who has a clue.

There ain’t no doubt we love this land—

All help the USA!

I Love the U. S. A!?!

Inspired by Lee Greenwood’s song, “God Bless the U. S. A.”

I’m kind of feeling down, waiting 

For the smoke to clear—

Global warming and pollution

Make U. S. government less dear.

I’d like to do some wishful 

Thinking now about our State.

Just a bit of sarcasm 

Could clarify our fate. 

I must say that this country 

Is the kindest I’ve yet seen!

I’ve lived here all my life, 

And never has it been less mean! 

Asylum is a gift our 

Government may well bestow

On wealthy friends, bright students; 

But, mostly, ones who’ve suffered so!

Yeah, sarcasm is helping

Me to think about our plight.

But some minds lag in the U. S.–

We need to feel the bite! 

I’m proud to be an American,

‘Cause at least here I can breathe.

I thank the ones who drive cars less

And sacrifice for me! 

And I’d gladly stand along with you, 

Recycling as we can,

We’re greening so adeptly,  

In the home of every man! 

I’m so proud to be an American,

Here at least we have some sense—

Homes for homeless people—

What?  You think that we’re dense?

It’s not hard to criticize 

Our country, as we are:

A history of achievements,

Though today we’re just sub-par.

Let me go on, in irony,

It may spell out some truth

For elders who make policies,

And voters in their youth.

From the swamps of Illinoisans 

To the hot Nevada sand,

The nations’s free for speaking,

See art (not walls) cross the land!  

We should hear the children’s words,

Our education’s not so fine (?):

Are we teaching them to grow up

Leaders, honoring their minds?

We will always have the duty

Of defending from within—

From greedy and from unkind thoughts—

Virtuous we’ve always been! 

Do you see my frustrations 

With our nation as it is?

We say we love our values,

But our pop has lost its fizz.

Now, I’d like to take your hand, 

Guide you on freedom’s shining way.

If respect would ever get here—

Help me love the USA!

Team Worldwide

Welcome to Team Worldwide, a method to invite Earth’s people to help run our new humanity, composed of world citizens.   You can decide to join Team Worldwide after reading this one-page Proposal for Teamwork, which is designed to describe any job that is benignly contributing to the health of the world.  I hope this document will give folks a feeling of how I see that working/playing for the world in a positive sense might look. You might use it, for example, to look at whether your current position is healthy for you and the world. I hope that you will join Team Worldwide and all work will become as the playing that we need to do in order to evolve!

a proposal for teamwork!

We want to be able to count on you to help improve the world!

You can expect to grow and learn because of holding this job!

We expect you to find value in your job.  We need you to find satisfaction in it and pleasure, and to take pride!

Please express yourself.  We will express ourselves in a healthy, constructive way befitting a group of people with positive goals in their hearts.  When you need help in expressing yourself, we want you to seek it diligently.

Please tell us if you lack the skills to complete the work or if you have a prior commitment to other work.

Please agree to maintain your health and well-being.  Please work each day so the job can get done.  Please keep your psychological state balanced, and in motion.

We want you to say what your needs are, including the need to be acknowledged, though you can expect us to praise your good work.  If you see that your teammates are producing good work, please say so.

Please report any complaint effectively (to someone who will do something about the situation).

If you find something that needs to be getting done is not, we’d like you to tell us what that is.

Please also agree that you’ll apply yourself to getting any part of the job done, though—if it is unethical and we haven’t realized it, please tell us; we don’t want you to do any unethical work.

We want to hear your ideas on how to make your job more effective and fun.  Please share them!

welcome to the team!

QUOTES

She was always shoving her wet, wild nose into some cavernous place in the Earth as if to convince it it still spoke in a valued language. —me, The Eyes that Mind

Physician, heal thyself! —Quoted in 4:23, Luke, Bible

Let your food be your medicine and let your medicine be your food! —Hippocrates

Walking is Human’s best medicine. — Hippocrates

Please take the long view and add your acronyms to this collection!

Poem to Old Glory

Born of love for God and country,

Flag that sets our hearts aglow.

Patriots bore thee on to victory,

Blood stained foot prints in the snow.

Our great nation, all one people,

Brothers, sisters, neighbors, friends.

Fruitful fields, rocks, woods and steeple.

All in one our nation blends.

Underneath our banner glorious,

Homes and firesides fill the land.

Freedom’s wings and ships victorious,

Vision peace to every strand.

Schools and churches safely cluster,

‘Neath thy peaceful folds unfurled,

Shedding Freedom’s radiant lustre

To mankind in all the world.

Tyrant foes may plot insanely,

Binding chains of shackled slaves.

While they rant and threaten vainly,

Freedom’s flag still proudly waves.

Cowards may quail and poltroons perish,

All their false religions fail.

Freedom and the flag we cherish,

Ever glorious.  Hail!   All hail!!

Inspiration of our nation,

Banner of the brave and free.

Jubilation!   Jubilation!!

Glorious thou shalt ever be.

Edward M. W., 5/16/41

New Flag Poem

By J., 2016, 2019.  Inspired by Edward M. W., “Poem to Old Glory,” 1941

Liberty’s your inspiration,

Flag that sets our hearts aglow.

Patriots need you more than ever,

Election time of friend or foe.

One great nation, all one people,

White and black, Hispanic friends

Asian, Amerindian voters

All in one our nation blends.

Underneath our banner glorious,

Problems dwell like big old trees.

Freedom’s needed and belief

In one solution—it is peace.

Mosques and churches safely cluster

When threat comes from out or in.

Now’s the time to act together

As our better history’s been.

Tyrants, greedy, plot insanely,

Shackling workers of our state

Handgun violence rages wildly—

Where is Freedom’s flag to date?

Cowards may spend and steal the fabric

Of our stars and stripes, so low,

Yet we, together, make another—

Women, men, children in tow. 

Inspiration of our nation,

Those who try and try again. 

Jubilation!  Jubilation!

Glorious in the happy din!

Poem to New Glory

Poem to the World Flag, with Photo of Earth in Space on it, View Switched Yearly

Poem to New Glory

Born of love for land and ocean,

Flag that sets our hearts aglow.

Spacemen saw Earth in their motion

And left Moon footprints as hello!

Our great Planet, all one people,

Brothers, sisters, neighbors, friends,

Fruitful fields, rocks, domes and steeple:

All in one our Planet blends.

Underneath our banner glorious,

Songs and stories by the band,

All free to play and be victorious,

Shaking peace with every hand.

Mosques and churches safely cluster,

‘Neath thy tranquil folds unfurled,

Sharing concord’s radiant luster

With humankind in all the world.

Alien foes plotted insanely,

Invading, stealing lands from braves

But new and old world converse plainly,

Humanity’s great flag now waves.

Cowards may quail and fools may falter,

Hypocrites’ religions fail.

Liberty, the globe, won’t tumble, 

Ever glorious.  Hail!  All hail!!

Sharing human inspiration,

Banner of the true and free.

Jubilation!  Jubilation!!

Glorious thou shalt ever be!

Edward M. W.’s “Poem to Old Glory,” 1941, Original; His Great Granddaughter, J.’s, Expansion, 2014, 2019.

The Woman in American History, Study Guide

Study Guide for The Woman in American History, by Gerda Lerner, 1971, by J.

Gerda Lerner says that we are in a world where nothing happens but for the action of men and women, yet we are told that in the past, men acted and women were only acted on (Why History Matters, 1997, p. 132).  We are told that the actions of half the human race were negligible.  Furthermore, we are supposed to believe that the history of the activities of a small group in this country—upper class white males—is our only history, too (Why History Matters, 1997, p. 132).  It’s not!  Women are and have been a force in history, including American history!

A classic quote from Susan B. Anthony in 1853 is on p. 44 of Lerner’s The Woman in American History; it’s about training teachers, a profession which men were reticent to bequeath upon women.  “The lady may speak,” they finally said at a conference:  (The 13th chapter, “The Winning of Woman Suffrage,” also covers Susan B. Anthony, pp. 159-160.)

“None of you quite comprehend the cause of the disrespect of which you complain.

“Do you not see that so long as society says woman is incompetent to be a lawyer, minister, or doctor, but has ample ability to be a teacher, every man of you who chooses this profession tacitly acknowledges that he has no more brains than a woman?  And this, too, is the reason that teaching is a less lucrative profession as here men must compete with the cheap labor of woman…[to] exalt your profession, exalt those who labor with you…increase the salary of the women engaged in the noble work of educating our future President, Senators and Congressmen.”

CHAPTER 1: THE COLONIAL WOMAN

The book tells about women soldiers.  It also reports that in the colonies, there was a shortage of labor, so women did pretty well, being able to find work, and found value along with men in a communal effort, because there was so much to be done.  The frontier was similar.  Women had to interact with sometimes hostile Indians, and face challenging circumstances; they secured greater personal freedom than women did later in American history.  Hannah Dustin, along with another woman and a boy, killed 10 Indian captors and freed herself (p. 23)  

Anne Hutchinson was the first person in the New World to challenge the dogma of women’s subordination to men, p. 21.  An herbalist and midwife, she was forced out of the colony for her religious activities; 35 families followed her.

Mary Dyer, as a Quaker, believed in equality for males and females.  She and Anne helped the development of religious tolerance in the Colonies.

CHAPTER 2: DISSENTERS AND COMMUNITY BUILDERS

Quilting bees and other social occasions led to the formations of community institutions, such as churches.  During the Revolutionary War, women sacrificed to help the soldiers; they took over men’s jobs and raised money for the care of the soldiers.  Some dressed as men and fought (p. 25).  Mercy Otis Warren helped set up the Committees of Correspondence and wrote (p. 26).  But talented women like Mercy, Abigail Adams, and Eliza Pinckney were the exception to the rule; it took until after the War until ordinary women were able to aspire to the privileges of the few. (p. 26)

CHAPTER 3: LADIES AND “SCRIBBLING WOMEN”

After the Revolutionary War, technology expanded and more women could be “ladies,” reading popular magazines and subscribing to the idea that “a woman’s place is in the home,” losing freedoms and accomplishments that they’d had before.  Industrialization and other changes crystallized women’s sense of being discriminated against, laying the groundwork for the battle for women’s rights and suffrage.  

The ladies’ education, p. 32, encouraged women to write for the magazines, and the first novel published in the U. S. by a woman was in 1781 (pp. 33-38), and there were many women writers, who tried to widen women’s interests and improve their tastes.

CHAPTER 4: WOMEN LEAVE THE HOME TO WORK

Educating of women; Mary Willard, first provider of high school for girls, pp. 40-42.

Frances Wright, p. 42

Teacher training, Susan B. Anthony, p. 44.

Mary Lyon; colleges, pp. 44-45.

Women in the professions, medicine, law & business, arts & science.

Margaret Fuller, p. 48-49.

Women in industry, pp. 49-53.

CHAPTER 5: THE WEST AND THE SOUTH

The Western frontier was much like the original colonies, especially because there were so few women to men.  It was like life 100 years earlier.  

The South developed straight from the East.  In the plantation culture, domesticity was firmly enshrined.  The mistress had supervisory work and entertainment to do.  “Her case differs from that of the slave, as to the principle, just so far as this; that the indulgence is large and universal, instead of petty and capricious,” wrote British writer Harriet Martineau, p. 59.

Slavery was a labor system, but “terror and fear were essential ingredients for the success of such a system.” pp.59-62

The free black woman had few marketable skills except sewing and nursing; washing or service occupations were her choices.

Education for black kids was a problem—Catherine Ferguson, Sarah Douglas, pp. 63-64.

*Families and mother’s power, pp. 64-65.  Harriet Tubman, pp. 66-67.  Sojourner Truth, *p. 67  “The black woman is the forgotten heroine of our history.” p. 70.

CHAPTER 6: WOMEN ORGANIZE FOR REFORM AND WELFARE

Quilt-making bees were sometimes accompanied with book discussions, and raised money for organizations like churches and for “fallen women.”  However, men usually still controlled them. Yet Quaker women pioneered in organizing orphan asylums, free schools for the poor or black kids, and prison aid societies.  Other denominations did not lag far behind.  Dorothea Dix, pp. 72-75.  Antislavery groups, Lucretia Mott, pp. 75-77. The Grimke sisters, pp.77-79.

CHAPTER 7: WOMEN ASK FOR THEIR RIGHTS

Lots of causes were championed during the Jacksonian era.  People married creatively, one woman even keeping her own name pp.80-81. Women planned for asking for more freedoms.  Elizabeth Cady Stanton, pp. 82-83.  Seneca Falls Convention, 1848, p. 83. Great male thinkers spoke out on women’s behalf, pp. 84-85.  Frances Wright, Frances Kemble, p. 86.Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton, pp. 88-90.

Women got involved as nurses in the Civil War, helping to establish nursing as a woman’s vocation.  They also established office work, government service, and retail trade as women’s work. Northern women went south as teachers for freedmen, and Southern women taught in new public schools.  Associated with this vocation were women going to schools, colleges, higher education, and coed schools.  Urbanization and technology freed women from home tasks, so they could spend more time outside the home doing things like securing parks and libraries.   Middle class women organized to fight temperance, child labor, and provide welfare; they exerted pressure on governments, both local and federal.  

CHAPTER 8: WOMEN IN THE CIVIL WAR

Women got involved with supplying the armies, caring for the wounded.  Dorothea Dix, p. 96.  Mary Bickerdyke (“Mother”), p. 97.  Clara Barton, p. 98, started the Red Cross.

The armies had followers, soldiers’ wives, washerwomen, cooks and nurses, as well as female spies, p. 99..  Also, some women dressed as men and fought alongside the men—about 400 of them did so.  Harriet Tubman, p. 101.  On the home front, women stepped into the places left by fighting men.  Finally, the war brought new experiences for women, who would never be quite the same again when it was over.

CHAPTER 9: THE EDUCATED WOMAN IN A PERIOD OF TRANSITION

The Freedmen’s Bureau gave relief to many freed slaves during and after the war; it was created in 1865.  Many women became teachers.  Josephine Griffing, pp. 107-108.  “The Negro’s, not the woman’s hour.”—women had to work really hard for emancipation.

There were women’s colleges founded; women worked at them, and when to nursing and medicine colleges.  Emergence of women in various fields: In 1850, the first woman was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, p. 112.  Women in the ministry, p. 112. Women in law, p. 112-114.  Emily Dickinson, pp. 115-117. Other writers, p.117.

CHAPTER 10: WOMEN ORGANIZE FOR COMMUNITY BETTERMENT

General Foundation of Women’s Clubs was founded in 1890; women used them for social, self-improvement, and keeping in touch in farm country. Ida Wells Barnett, pp. 119-120.  Clubs were very important for African American women.  Maria McLeod Bethune, pp. 120-122.  Mary Church Terrell, pp. 122-123.  It was clear that women had to get involved politically to secure their rights.  The temperance movement became a training ground for women.  In their dependency on men, they were sore afraid of their husbands becoming alcoholics.  Frances Willard, pp. 123-124, encouraged women to be concerned about their suffrage.  The settlement house movement tried to minister to the poor.  Jane Addams, living in her Hull-House on Halsted in a poor neighborhood of Chicago, was a great leader in this effort.  They were concerned with every aspect of the suffering because of poverty.  Florence Kelley, pp. 128-129.  Child care was a big concern during this time as well.  Sophie Loeb, p. 130; the improvements in society that women worked for helped all citizens.

CHAPTER 11: WOMEN IN THE ERA OF REFORM

In 1870, women were 15% of the workforce in the U. S; in 1900, 20%. Agnes Nestor, p. 132.  Women in labor unions, p.133-137.  “Mother Jones,” pp. 133-134.  National Women’s Trade Union League, pp. 134-136.  Woman’s suffrage was seen as a means at this time, not an end.  Some Western states adopted women’s suffrage, but there was opposition, even from women, in 20 states.

CHAPTER 12: THREE PIONEERS OF WOMEN’S EMANCIPATION

With suffrage, women did not get that much improvement.  The Depression caused them to exit the job market, so as to provide work for the men, but WWII saw women re-enter the job market.  The fifties were conservative years, but birth control, transportation, and urbanization freed women up.  Higher levels of education and more divorce liberty also changed society.  “Yet social values, mores, and institutions lag far behind the material and economic progress made.”  Gerda Lerner wrote this in 1971. 

Each of the three women covered in this chapter transcended the strict limits of Victorian propriety in their personal lives.  Mary Baker Eddy, pp. 147-149.  Charlotte Perkins Gilman, pp.149-153.  Margaret Sanger, pp. 153-158.

CHAPTER 13: THE WINNING OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE

In 1890, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was formed, and united the two branches of the suffrage movement.  There was new leadership as the older leaders died.  Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, pp. 160-161.  Carrie Chapman Catt, pp. 162-163.  Alice Paul, pp. 165-167. Ratification in 1920.

CHAPTER 14: THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY WOMAN

The vote for women actually did not succeed in winning them political power; they tended to vote along party lines like men.  Women in government: In 1967, women occupied only 2% of the seats of Congress; in other years there had been as many as 20 women in Congress…pp. 172-173. “…the measure of the advance made by women in our society is not so much their progress as wives as their progress as persons.”p. 174.

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, pp. 174-175.  Dress changes, sports, including dance, literature, culture, mass media, pp. 178-181.  NOW, pp. 184-5.

EPILOGUE

Women live a lot longer these days than they did when the nation was new.  At the time Gerda Lerner wrote the book, there were still a lot of housewives, who were charged with consumption decisions.  In this nation, childcare is still not provided for by government, unlike other countries.  Women are not in some top occupations, and Americans’ health is not as good as that of other nations.  “The rich contribution made by women to American development and growth, to the opportunities and freedoms we prize as the ‘American way of life,’ is worth treasuring and defending.  The challenges of the future are great enough to absorb the talents, creativity, and energies of all Americans—women and men.” p. 190.